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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most frequently prescribed medications for ADHD and are believed to increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. However, they cannot solve the problem and will only aid in managing symptoms so long as they're taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication could include a change in blood pressure and heart rate and stomach upset as well as anxiety and tics. Certain teens and children who take stimulant medications notice a slight slowing in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and the most commonly prescribed drug to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety of forms such as a chewable tablet that is liquid and a long-acting disintegrating orally disintegrating tablet and an extended-release pill. The drug is effective by increasing the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which helps to enhance focus. It can also help reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methylphenidate is an effective treatment for ADHD when combined with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that are normally responsible for removing these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. People who suffer from diabetes should be on guard when taking this medication since it can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar. If you have any of these side effects, talk with your doctor. Methylphenidate may also trigger a condition known as Raynaud's phenomena, which causes numbness and discomfort in the fingers and toes. This is a rare side effect however, it is crucial to inform your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms. There are some who believe that methylphenidate can slow down children's growth. However, this has not been proved. If your child is taking methylphenidate be sure to be aware of their weight and height. If your child takes a tablet containing methylphenidate, the phenylalanine in it could be harmful to children with Phenylketonuria. Consult your physician about an alternative methylphenidate formulation if you have PKU. Stimulants are often considered to be the first choice treatment for ADHD however, certain people are not able to use them. In these cases, doctors could prescribe another medication that performs similarly. There are also other stimulants like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine, in addition to methylphenidate. These substances can last longer and are more potent than methylphenidate. They are typically taken twice to three times per day, but some people can take them more frequently. Psychological treatments are also available to treat ADHD however they are less likely to prove effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration while decreasing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It's part of a group of medications called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and increases levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers that regulate the brain's activity. It is a favorite among people of all ages who need a different medication than stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to remember that atomoxetine is not effective instantly, and it can take up to six weeks for the effects of the drug to be apparent. Additionally, you could be afflicted by side effects such as diminished appetite, drowsiness and upset stomach. However, the benefits of atomoxetine surpass the risks for many patients. The efficacy of atomoxetine was confirmed in a multisite double-blind placebo-controlled trial with 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive the daily dose of atomoxetine 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups depression symptoms were less. The atomoxetine group saw greater improvements in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However, the improvement was modest (Michelson et al 2001). In a different open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The atomoxetine group demonstrated improved ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale gaining significant. One patient withdrew due to an outbreak of rash. Three patients also reported transient stomach symptoms, and one patient noticed an increase in fatigue. Before you begin treatment with atomoxetine with your physician about your medical history and any other supplements or medications that you are taking. This includes herbal remedies and prescription medications. Tell your doctor if any of the following conditions exist for narrow-angle glaucoma thyroid or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease or sudden death. You should also be wary of atomoxetine in the event that you have taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid linezolid, methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine or tranylcypromine, in the past 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion, a nonstimulant, can help to improve ADHD symptoms. It also helps to reduce impulsivity and improve focus, though it doesn't affect the brain in the same way as stimulants do. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will decide the best dose for you. Bupropion is available as tablets and capsules. It's important to take the medication exactly as instructed. If you stop taking it abruptly you may experience withdrawal symptoms. It's typically taken two or three times a day with a 4-6 hour interval between each dose. The dosage can vary from 100 mg twice or three times a day to 150 mg three or four times a day. The drug is in the digestive system, and excreted through urine. It is not able to enter breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and affect other organs. Bupropion can raise blood pressure, which is why it's important to check it often. In addition to helping improve the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. It also helps treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors within your brain. This stops the neurotransmitter, dopamine, from entering your brain. This helps to stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs. Tell your doctor if taking any other medications. It's also important to find out whether you are allergic to. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants as they can make the side effects worse. Several studies have compared bupropion to placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and the majority of them were not well-designed. Additionally, many excluded people with psychiatric comorbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion may have a small impact on ADHD. More research is needed to determine the positive effects for patients, such as an improvement in the quality of living. Furthermore, a more precise understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is required before effective treatment can be developed. adult adhd medication includes a better understanding of the relation between the various molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs function in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants can be prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD are not effective or cause side negative effects. These medications, including imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), help by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain, which help people concentrate. These older drugs may cause severe side consequences. They are generally only employed when other drugs fail. The first choice of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram and escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still used in some cases despite their long-standing history. They also work in reducing neuropathic pain. They also provide a pain-relieving effect that is separate from their antidepressant properties. They increase the activity of the noradrenephrine receptor, by preventing its reuptake, and they also act as descending modulators for pain pathways in spinal cord. SSRIs are less toxic and have less adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. Additionally, they're safe in the womb and don't appear to be teratogenic in humans or animals. However, they can cause significant withdrawal symptoms if they are stopped abruptly. Your doctor might suggest gradually reducing the dose over a few weeks to reduce the effects. Bupropion, a popular antidepressant prescribed off-label to treat ADHD, is not FDA approved as a drug for adhd. It is believed to increase neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which improves concentration. It is also believed to alleviate anxiety and stress. It can be paired with stimulants to achieve quicker and lasting results. There are no FDA-approved nonstimulant ADHD medication, however many people experience relief from herbal remedies and supplements to their diets. A diet that is low in sugar and fat may also aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Certain people can benefit by staying clear of caffeine. It is important to inform your doctor about all the medications that you or your child is taking, including prescription medications and herbal remedies. This will help prevent interactions and reduce the risk of unwanted side effects. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, which is why it's often a process of trial and error to discover the appropriate dosage and medication for you or your child.